Xue Zhang

Complexity, Analysis and Control of Singular Biological Systems follows the control of real-world biological systems at both ecological and phyisological levels concentrating on the application of now-extensively-investigated singular system theory. Much effort has recently been dedicated to the modelling and analysis of developing bioeconomic systems and the text establishes singular examples of these, showing how proper control can help to maintain sustainable economic development of biological resources. The book begins from the essentials of singular systems theory and bifurcations before tackling the use of various forms of control in singular biological systems using examples including predator-prey relationships and viral vaccination and quarantine control. Researchers and graduate students studying the control of complex biological systems are shown how a variety of methods can be brought to bear and practitioners working with the economics of biological systems and their control will also find the monograph illuminating.

Devido intensa concorr ncia e s r pidas mudan as que ocorrem no mercado, o ambiente empresarial est a tornar-se cada vez mais vol til e incerto. Como resultado, a capacidade de conduzir um scanning ambiental eficaz est a tornar-se cr tica para que as organiza es sobrevivam e sejam bem sucedidas. Este estudo investiga o scanning ambiental e as pr ticas de partilha de informa o das Pequenas e M dias Empresas (PMEs) em Singapura. Foi enviado um question rio pr -testado, tendo participado 45 PMEs de 4 ind strias. Verificou-se que a maioria das empresas considerava a informa o ambiental como cr tica, e conduzia actividades sistem ticas de scanning ambiental. O n vel de gest o das PME tinha-se tornado consciente da import ncia da partilha de informa o, e tinham sido feitos esfor os para evitar o a ambarcamento de informa o. Al m disso, as PME de v rios dom nios industriais pareciam ter estrat gias e modos de explora o diferentes, em termos de prefer ncias sobre fontes de informa o e canais de distribui o. S o tamb m fornecidas sugest es para aumentar a efic cia da digitaliza o ambiental, uma vez que a informa o recolhida pode n o ser divulgada aos utilizadores finais de forma atempada.

En raison de la concurrence intense et des changements rapides qui se produisent sur le march , l'environnement des entreprises devient de plus en plus volatile et incertain. Par cons quent, la capacit r aliser une analyse efficace de l'environnement devient essentielle pour la survie et la r ussite des organisations. Cette tude examine les pratiques d'analyse de l'environnement et de partage des informations des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) de Singapour. Un questionnaire pr -test a t envoy , et 45 PME de 4 industries y ont particip . Il a t constat qu'une majorit d'entreprises consid raient les informations environnementales comme essentielles et menaient des activit s syst matiques d'analyse de l'environnement. La direction des PME a pris conscience de l'importance du partage de l'information et des efforts ont t faits pour viter la th saurisation de l'information. En outre, les PME de divers secteurs industriels semblent avoir des strat gies et des mani res diff rentes en mati re d'analyse, en termes de pr f rences par rapport aux sources d'information et aux canaux de distribution. Des suggestions sont galement formul es pour accro tre l'efficacit de l'analyse de l'environnement, car les informations recueillies peuvent ne pas tre diffus es aux utilisateurs finaux en temps utile.

A causa dell'intensa concorrenza e dei rapidi cambiamenti che avvengono nel mercato, l'ambiente commerciale sta diventando sempre pi volatile e incerto. Di conseguenza, la capacit di condurre una scansione ambientale efficace sta diventando fondamentale per le organizzazioni per sopravvivere e avere successo. Questo studio indaga la scansione ambientale e le pratiche di condivisione delle informazioni delle piccole e medie imprese (PMI) a Singapore. Un questionario pre-testato stato inviato, e 45 PMI di 4 settori hanno partecipato. stato riscontrato che la maggior parte delle aziende percepisce le informazioni ambientali come critiche e conduce attivit sistematiche di scansione ambientale. Il livello di gestione delle PMI era diventato consapevole dell'importanza della condivisione delle informazioni, e gli sforzi erano stati fatti per evitare l'accumulo di informazioni. Inoltre, le PMI di vari settori industriali sembravano avere diverse strategie e modalit di scansione, in termini di preferenze sulle fonti di informazione e sui canali di distribuzione. Vengono anche forniti suggerimenti per aumentare l'efficacia della scansione ambientale, dato che le informazioni raccolte potrebbero non essere diffuse agli utenti finali in modo tempestivo.

Ze względu na silną konkurencję i szybkie zmiany zachodzące na rynku, środowisko biznesowe staje się coraz bardziej zmienne i niepewne. W rezultacie, zdolnośc do prowadzenia skutecznego skanowania otoczenia staje się kluczowa dla organizacji, aby przetrwac i odnieśc sukces. Niniejsze studium bada praktyki skanowania otoczenia i dzielenia się informacjami w malych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach (MŚP) w Singapurze. Rozeslano wstępnie przetestowany kwestionariusz, w kt rym wzięlo udzial 45 MŚP z 4 branż. Stwierdzono, że większośc firm postrzega informacje środowiskowe jako krytyczne i prowadzi systematyczne dzialania związane ze skanowaniem środowiska. Poziom zarządzania MŚP uświadomil sobie znaczenie wymiany informacji i podjęto wysilki w celu uniknięcia gromadzenia informacji. Ponadto, MŚP z r żnych dziedzin przemyslu zdawaly się miec r żne strategie i sposoby skanowania, w zakresie preferencji dotyczących źr del informacji i kanal w dystrybucji. Przedstawiono r wnież sugestie dotyczące zwiększenia efektywności skanowania otoczenia, ponieważ zebrane informacje mogą nie byc rozpowszechniane do użytkownik w końcowych w odpowiednim czasie.

Aufgrund des intensiven Wettbewerbs und der schnellen Ver nderungen auf dem Markt wird das Gesch ftsumfeld zunehmend volatil und unsicher. Infolgedessen wird die F higkeit, ein effektives Umweltscanning durchzuf hren, f r Organisationen berlebenswichtig und erfolgreich. Diese Studie untersucht das Umwelt-Scanning und die Praktiken der Informationsweitergabe von kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) in Singapur. Es wurde ein vorab getesteter Fragebogen verschickt, an dem 45 KMU aus 4 Branchen teilnahmen. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Mehrheit der Unternehmen Umweltinformationen als kritisch ansieht und systematische Umwelt-Scanning-Aktivit ten durchf hrt. Die F hrungsebene der KMUs war sich der Wichtigkeit des Informationsaustausches bewusst und es wurden Anstrengungen unternommen, das Horten von Informationen zu vermeiden. Dar ber hinaus schienen KMUs aus verschiedenen Industriebereichen unterschiedliche Scanning-Strategien und -Verhaltensweisen zu haben, was die Pr ferenzen bez glich der Informationsquellen und Verteilungskan le betrifft. Es werden auch Vorschl ge gemacht, um die Effektivit t des Umweltscannings zu erh hen, da die gesammelten Informationen m glicherweise nicht zeitnah an die Endnutzer weitergegeben werden.

This monograph introduces some current developments in the modelling of the spread of tick-borne diseases. Effective modelling requires the integration of multiple frameworks. Here, particular attention is given to the previously neglected issues of tick developmental and behavioral diapause, tick-borne pathogen co-feeding transmission, and their interactions. An introduction to the required basics of structured population formulations and delay differential equations is given, and topics for future study are suggested. The described techniques will also be useful in the study of other vector-borne diseases. The ultimate aim of this project is to develop a general qualitative framework leading to tick-borne disease risk predictive tools and a decision support system. The target audience is mathematical biologists interested in modelling tick population dynamics and tick-borne disease transmission, and developing computational tools for disease prevention and control.

In sensor network applications, measured data are often meaningful only when the location is accurately known. In this booklet, we study research problems associated with node localization in wireless sensor networks. We describe sensor network localization problems in terms of a detection and estimation framework and we emphasize specifically a cooperative process where sensors with known locations are used to localize nodes at unknown locations. In this class of problems, even if the location of a node is known, the wireless links and transmission modalities between two nodes may be unknown. In this case, sensor nodes are used to detect the location and estimate pertinent data transmission activities between nodes. In addition to the broader problem of sensor localization, this booklet studies also specific localization measurements such as time of arrival (TOA), received signal strength (RSS), and direction of arrival (DOA). The sequential localization algorithm, which uses a subsetof sensor nodes to estimate nearby sensor nodes' locations is discussed in detail. Extensive bibliography is given for those readers who want to delve further into specific topics.

Autonomous vehicles use global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) to provide a position within a few centimeters of truth. Centimeter positioning requires accurate measurement of each satellite's direct path propagation time. Multipath corrupts the propagation time estimate by creating a time-varying bias. A GNSS receiver model is developed and the effects of multipath are investigated. MATLABtm code is provided to enable readers to run simple GNSS receiver simulations. More specifically, GNSS signal models are presented and multipath mitigation techniques are described for various multipath conditions. Appendices are included in the booklet to derive some of the basics on early minus late code synchronization methods. Details on the numerically controlled oscillator and its properties are also given in the appendix.