Yan Zhang

There is a crying need for soft-tissue replacements in the field of reconstructive surgery for the treatment of congenital deformities, posttraumatic repair and cancer rehabilitation. The aim of adipose tissue engineering strategies is to develop an ideal soft tissue replacement, which is well-vascularized, maximum neotissue formation and long-term volume maintenance. Although the cell-based therapies have demonstrated the beneficial effects on adipose tissue regeneration, there are still a lot of problems, such as low viability, decreased regenerative capacity of the embedded cells, and potential tumorigenic feature of stem cells. All the problems limited the wide applications of cell-based therapies in the field of adipose tissue regeneration. Studies showed that the survival of fat graft was mainly dependent on adipose tissue regeneration dominated by recipient cells, rather than stem cells included in the fat graft. Stem cells promote the tissue regeneration through a paracrine manner, which secondly recruited recipient cells to participate in the regeneration. All these findings indicated the possibility of a cell-free method to generate engineering adipose tissue.

Written by distinguished Chinese academics, this book provides a unique and rare insight into the development of the modern Chinese economy.The authors identify three major factors in the growth of the Chinese economy: economic decentralization and political centralization; the urban-rural divide; and relational society. These are explored in depth via analyses of factors including urban and rural economic development and their political and social foundations, industrial agglomeration, transitions of public services and governmental responsibilities towards them and developmental imbalances and mechanisms. It is illustrated that whilst contemporary China has obviously made great economic strides, a wide variety of problems are accumulating over time. The book concludes that following three decades of high economic growth, China now faces great challenges for sustainable growth, and the institutions of China's economy have reached a critical point. Strategies for dealing with these challenges and requirements for the successful future development of China are thus prescribed.This fascinating book will provide a stimulating read for scholars, students and researchers in the fields of Asian studies, economics and development.Contents: 1. Introduction: The Reform and Opening-up of a Large, Developing Country 2. Political and Social Foundations of Economic Development 3. Urban and Rural Economic Development During the Process of Urbanization and Industrialization 4. Industrial Agglomeration in the Process of Globalization and Regional Economic Development 5. Transitions of Public Services and Government Responsibilities During the Marketization Process 6. Developmental Imbalances and Mechanisms for Improving the Market System 7. Appropriate Institutions and Sustainable Growth: China's Development and its Worldwide Significance References Index

This book provides comprehensive technical information on SiC power devices from multiple perspectives, covering topics from device research and development to system applications. Chapters 1 to 4 focus on the characteristics of SiC devices, initially outlining the limitations of Si power devices and explaining why SiC has superior properties at the material level. It then offers updates on the latest developments in the SiC industry chain and products innovations, along with a detailed discussion of the characteristics and specifications of SiC Diodes and MOSFETs. Chapters 5 and 6 zoom in on SiC device testing and evaluation techniques, including CP testing, FT testing, system application testing, reliability assessment, failure analysis, and double-pulse testing. Chapters 7 to 12 focus on SiC device application technology, addressing common challenges in real applications and providing solutions. This includes voltage spikes during turn-off, crosstalk, common-mode current, common-source inductance, and driver circuits, concluding with case studies of SiC device applications in various scenarios. The book can serve as a textbook for higher education and vocational training, as well as a reference material for engineers in the power semiconductor and electrical electronics industries. To make the book genuinely helpful for readers, the authors have invested significant effort in content and data selection. First, the chosen technical points come from real-world requirements in device R&D and applications. Second, the book emphasizes practicality while integrating cutting-edge developments, detailing research outcomes with industrial potential. Third, the book offers a wealth of data and waveforms, most of which are actual measurements, to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Lastly, extensive further reading materials are provided at the end of each chapter for broader and deeper exploration.

This open access book aims to provide an explanatory account for the phenomenon of absent external arguments in Mandarin Chinese. It starts from the observation that although expletivizing an agent is considered impossible cross-linguistically, it is possible in Mandarin. To account for this exceptional behavior, it proposes the M parameter, which suggests that English and Chinese differ in whether the agentive entailments of the root are grammatically codified in selection for the feature [+m]. While the M parameter provides a grammatical basis for when omission of the external argument is possible in a given language, this book argues that expletivization in general is subject to a variant of the Proper Containment Condition (Rappaport Hovav and Levin, 2012), which is dubbed the Aspectual Proper Containment Condition (APCC). The APCC is concerned with the relation between the interval yielded by aspect and the situation in the speaker/hearer’s mental model that obtains during that interval. It requires that the external argument be eliminated if and only if its referent does not participate in the situation in the mental model during that interval. This open access book demonstrates that in the vast majority of cases the APCC correctly predicts agent omission in Mandarin sentences containing one of the four aspectual markers (-zai, -zhe, -le, and -guo), with a few exceptions where additional restrictions are at play.

Co-authored by the discoverer of the piezotronic effect, this book is a fundamental and comprehensive survey of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics.

This open access book offers comprehensive, self-contained knowledge on Digital Twin (DT), which is a very promising technology for achieving digital intelligence in the next-generation wireless communications and computing networks. DT is a key technology to connect physical systems and digital spaces in Metaverse.The objectives of this book are to provide the basic concepts of DT, to explore the promising applications of DT integrated with emerging technologies, and to give insights into the possible future directions of DT. For easy understanding, this book also presents several use cases for DT models and applications in different scenarios. The book starts with the basic concepts, models, and network architectures of DT. Then, we present the new opportunities when DT meets edge computing, Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence, and distributed machine learning (e.g., federated learning, multi-agent deep reinforcement learning). We also present a wide application of DT as an enabling technology for 6G networks, Aerial-Ground Networks, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The book allows an easy cross-reference owing to the broad coverage on both the principle and applications of DT. The book is written for people interested in communications and computer networks at all levels. The primary audience includes senior undergraduates, postgraduates, educators, scientists, researchers, developers, engineers, innovators and research strategists.

This book provides the basic theory, method framework and application results of urban metabolism. Urban metabolism is an important research philosophy and approach for analyzing urban mega organism and its ecological environmental problems. It has constantly formed quantitative network research framework and analysis methods in a metaphor way and expanded its application in different scales such as global, national, urban agglomeration and city to support the process of multi-scale regional sustainable development.

Co-authored by the discoverer of the piezotronic effect, this book is a fundamental and comprehensive survey of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics. Piezotronics is a term broadly applied to devices fabricated using the piezopotential as a “gate” voltage to tune/control charge carrier transport at a contact or junction. The piezo-phototronic effect describes the use of the piezopotential to control the carrier generation, transport, separation and/or recombination for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices. The book first introduces the theory of the piezotronic effect and its applications in transistors, sensors, and catalysis. Subsequent chapters comprehensively cover the fundamentals of the piezo-phototronic effect and its impacts on photon sensors, solar cells, and LEDs.The updated and significantly expanded second edition covers the most recent advances and breakthroughs in this field over the last decade — gas, chemical, and biological nanosensors; quantumdots, wells, and wires; piezocatalysis; the piezo-photonic effect; and the pyro-phototronic effect. This seminal book serves as a basic text for scientists and students in the field of piezotronic devices and third-generation semiconductors.

This book provides the basic theory, method framework and application results of urban metabolism. Urban metabolism is an important research philosophy and approach for analyzing urban mega organism and its ecological environmental problems. It has constantly formed quantitative network research framework and analysis methods in a metaphor way and expanded its application in different scales such as global, national, urban agglomeration and city to support the process of multi-scale regional sustainable development.

This book explores the usage patterns of a group of adversative and concessive conjunctions in English texts written by Chinese EFL learners and their native speaker counterparts. Focusing on probability profiles and systemic potentials, the study encompasses three stages and combines the strengths of two research methods – the corpus-based approach and text-based analysis – to examine the conjunctions under the theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics and rhetorical structure theory. Starting with an overview of seventeen conjunctions across two corpora in terms of overall frequency, positional distribution and distribution of semantic categories, the book then offers a more detailed discussion of three individual conjunctions, highlighting the interconnections between 1) syntactic positions and co-occurrence patterns and 2) semantic relations encoded by these conjunctions. Lastly, it presents a case study of one full-length text taken from the learner corpus, applyingrhetorical structure theory to provide new insights into the relevance of adversative and concessive relations to text structure. This comprehensive, in-depth analysis is both diagnostic and pedagogically informative.

This is an open access book.It offers comprehensive, self-contained knowledge on Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which is a very promising technology for achieving intelligence in the next-generation wireless communications and computing networks.The book starts with the basic concepts, key techniques and network architectures of MEC. Then, we present the wide applications of MEC, including edge caching, 6G networks, Internet of Vehicles, and UAVs. In the last part, we present new opportunities when MEC meets blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and distributed machine learning (e.g., federated learning). We also identify the emerging applications of MEC in pandemic, industrial Internet of Things and disaster management.The book allows an easy cross-reference owing to the broad coverage on both the principle and applications of MEC. The book is written for people interested in communications and computer networks at all levels. The primary audience includes senior undergraduates, postgraduates, educators, scientists, researchers, developers, engineers, innovators and research strategists.

This book explores the usage patterns of a group of adversative and concessive conjunctions in English texts written by Chinese EFL learners and their native speaker counterparts. Focusing on probability profiles and systemic potentials, the study encompasses three stages and combines the strengths of two research methods – the corpus-based approach and text-based analysis – to examine the conjunctions under the theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics and rhetorical structure theory. Starting with an overview of seventeen conjunctions across two corpora in terms of overall frequency, positional distribution and distribution of semantic categories, the book then offers a more detailed discussion of three individual conjunctions, highlighting the interconnections between 1) syntactic positions and co-occurrence patterns and 2) semantic relations encoded by these conjunctions. Lastly, it presents a case study of one full-length text taken from the learner corpus, applyingrhetorical structure theory to provide new insights into the relevance of adversative and concessive relations to text structure. This comprehensive, in-depth analysis is both diagnostic and pedagogically informative.

The idea of 'the commons' is a long-standing concept in the English-speaking world and in English law. A similar concept occurs in China. How different from or similar to the English idea of ‘the commons’ is the idea in China; and how is the concept applied? This book explores this important subject. It examines the subject from a philosophical and theoretical perspective; considers ‘the commons’ widely, including tangible commons of resources, intangible commons of culture, identity and social capital, and institutional commons of welfare, security and public goods; and goes on to examine the concept as it applies to the hydropower developments along the Lancang River, outlining the different competing interests of local people, central and provincial government, and environmental considerations. It argues that the concept of ‘the commons’ in China is dual-dimensional, with a vertical dimension of ‘public authority’ and a horizontal dimension of ‘commonly sharing’, that power structures in China have often been flexible and polycentric, and that, correctly applied, this approach will do much to serve the common interest of the people, ensuring positive impacts for shared prosperity for multiple stakeholders, whilst mitigating the negative impacts involved in the delivery of such positive impacts.

The idea of 'the commons' is a long-standing concept in the English-speaking world and in English law. A similar concept occurs in China. How different from or similar to the English idea of ‘the commons’ is the idea in China; and how is the concept applied? This book explores this important subject. It examines the subject from a philosophical and theoretical perspective; considers ‘the commons’ widely, including tangible commons of resources, intangible commons of culture, identity and social capital, and institutional commons of welfare, security and public goods; and goes on to examine the concept as it applies to the hydropower developments along the Lancang River, outlining the different competing interests of local people, central and provincial government, and environmental considerations. It argues that the concept of ‘the commons’ in China is dual-dimensional, with a vertical dimension of ‘public authority’ and a horizontal dimension of ‘commonly sharing’, that power structures in China have often been flexible and polycentric, and that, correctly applied, this approach will do much to serve the common interest of the people, ensuring positive impacts for shared prosperity for multiple stakeholders, whilst mitigating the negative impacts involved in the delivery of such positive impacts.

The first in the I See the Sun Series, readers follow a young girl as she travels from a small town in China to the city of Shanghai to spend time with her aunt. The unspoken message of this book is the movement from the old to the new, while still maintaining some connections with the past. It depicts some of the many choices available in China today, and the drive to be successful in a modern world. The story provides a unique introduction to the culture, family life and language of China in a way that is age-appropriate and sensitive to the true environment. Children will be able to recognize the similarities as well as the differences between their own culture and the culture of modern China. Written in both English and Mandarin Chinese, I See the Sun in China is beautifully illustrated with warm, engaging collages made from photographs, colorful paper cut-outs, and drawings. Includes country overview and glossary of unfamiliar terms. For ages 5 and up.

The first in the I See the Sun Series, readers follow a young girl as she travels from a small town in China to the city of Shanghai to spend time with her aunt. The unspoken message of this book is the movement from the old to the new, while still maintaining some connections with the past. It depicts some of the many choices available in China today, and the drive to be successful in a modern world. The story provides a unique introduction to the culture, family life and language of China in a way that is age-appropriate and sensitive to the true environment. Children will be able to recognize the similarities as well as the differences between their own culture and the culture of modern China. Written in both English and Mandarin Chinese, I See the Sun in China is beautifully illustrated with warm, engaging collages made from photographs, colorful paper cut-outs, and drawings. Includes country overview and glossary of unfamiliar terms. For ages 5 and up.