Amit Kumar

Agroforestry is a land - use system that involves deliberate retention, introduction, or a mixture of trees or other woody perennials in crop/animal production systems to benefit from the resultant ecological and economic interactions. Nitrogen and carbon is an essential nutrient element for organisms and is a key factor controlling plant growth and soil microbial activity in most terrestrial ecosystems. In general, plant growth and microbial activity are limited by low availability of N and C, especially in terrestrial ecosystems where low temperature restricts N and C mineralization and where most N is trapped in soil organic forms that are unavailable to plants. Agroforestry is helpful to stimulate these ecosystem services. Therefore, knowledge of N retention and turnover processes in soil and the factors controlling these processes are very important to better understand terrestrial N and C cycle and its potential response to global change.

This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of transportation problems under the fuzzy environment and its extensions. It also discusses the limitations and drawbacks of (1) recently proposed aggregation operators under the fuzzy environment and its various extensions; (2) recently proposed methods for solving transportation problems under the fuzzy environment; and (3) recently proposed methods for solving transportation problems under the intuitionistic fuzzy environment. In turn, the book proposes simplified methods to overcome these limitations.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of drug and chemical cellular toxicity, especially concerning the effects of anticancer drugs (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and phosphamidon) on chromosomes and proteins. It covers histological changes in rat testis during pre- and postnatal exposure to varied drug doses, along with laboratory findings on arsenic exposure and alcohol consumption producing neurological changes and deleterious effects on reproductive health in animals. The book offers essential information on the role of anticancer drug- / chemical-mediated toxicity in connection with genetic changes in the brain and reproductive health, making it a valuable guide for researchers working in the areas of cancer research, infertility, molecular diagnostics and modern drug discovery, at biochemical and toxicity laboratories, and in genetic predisposition and molecular biology in general.

This "poetic horizon" poetic collection contains only images of poems that are composed in our mind automatically. This poem displays heart to heart talk. Actually, the poet is amazingly able to make the poignant expression of sensations of spatiality. The main feature of Amit Kumar's poetic art is to reveal in poetry with some religious, social, love and practical truths. The texture of poems helps the reader to understand poems and conspiracies and also get poetic pleasure.

The clinical success rates of endodontic treatments can exceed 90%. However, many teeth are not given the opportunity to be saved by endodontic treatment and instead are extracted, with subsequent placement of an artificial prosthesis, such as an implant. Regenerative endodontic methods have the potential for regenerating both pulp and dent in tissues and therefore may offer an alternative method to save teeth that may have compromised structural integrity. Several developmental issues have been described to accomplish endodontic regeneration. Each one of the regenerative techniques has advantages and disadvantages, and some of the techniques are hypothetical or at an early stage of development. The available case reports of pulp revascularization were generally reported on young patients (with high stem cell populations) and teeth with open apices. However, for regenerative endodontic procedures to be widely available and predictable, endodontists will have to depend on tissue engineering therapies to regenerate pulp dent in tissue. The proposed therapies involving stem cells, growth factors, & tissue engineering all require pulp revascularizaton, in itself an enormous challenge.

This book presents a novel approach to the formulation and solution of three classes of problems: the fully fuzzy transportation problem, the fully fuzzy transshipment problem, and fully fuzzy solid transportation problem. It points out some limitations of the existing formulations and approaches, indicating some possible, conceptually and algorithmically attractive solutions to alleviate them. In particular, the book describes new conceptual and algorithmic solutions for finding the fuzzy optimal solutions of the single-objective fully fuzzy transportation problems, the fully fuzzy transshipment problems and the fully fuzzy solid transportation problems. Moreover, based on the novel concepts and solutions proposed by combining the concept of a fully fuzzy solid transportation problem and a fully fuzzy transshipment problem, it describes a new class of problems, i.e. the fully fuzzy solid trans-shipment problem, together with its fuzzy linear programming formulation and somemethods to find its fuzzy optimal solution. The book offers the readers a timely piece of literature in the field of fuzzy linear programming, and is expected to act as a source of inspiration for future research and applications.