John Maynard Keynes

This volume, with its companion, Volume 13, provides all the surviving letters, drafts and articles arising from Keynes's work as a monetary economist between 1924 and 1939. It contains wherever possible both sides of all correspondence concerning his Treatise on Money and General Theory, both before and after publication, as well as complete texts of all surviving drafts of both works. In addition it contains important correspondence concerning D. H. Robertson's Banking Policy and the Price Level and such post-General Theory contributors as R. F. Harrod's first work on the theory of economic growth. As such, it provides a remarkable chronicle of one man's intellectual development over the quarter of a century that saw a revolution in economics.

This volume draws together Keynes's published and unpublished writings on non-economic subjects. Included in full are both sides of his correspondence as chairman of The New Statesman with Kingsley Martin, the paper's editor, covering politics and foreign affairs during the years 1931 to 1946. The reader will also find manuscripts on ancient currencies, a subject that occupied much of his time during the 1920s, his articles and reviews on the arts and literature, and the preface written jointly with Piero Sraffia to the 1938 facsimile edition of the Abstract of Hume's Treatise on Human Nature.

A Treatise on Money, completed in 1930, was the outcome of six years of intensive work and argument with D. H. Robertson, R. G. Hawtrey and others. As in the Tract on Monetary Reform, the central concerns of the Treatise are the causes and consequences of changes in the value of money and the means of controlling such changes to increase well-being. The analysis is, however, considerably more complex and the applied statistical work much more elaborate. The Treatise has long been of interest amongst economists, as a precursor of the General Theory, as an important discussion of the mechanics of inflationary and deflationary processes and as an important statement of the problems of national autonomy in the international economy. This edition provides a new edition of the original, corrected on the basis of Keynes's correspondence with other economists and translators. It also provides the prefaces to foreign editions.

This volume, the second of six concerned with the Second World War, provides an account of Keynes's contributions to the solution of Britain's wartime external financial problems between 1940 and 1943. It focuses particularly on his involvement in discussions, both in Whitehall and in Washington, concerning the operation of the Lend Lease Agreement and the terms of post-war economic co-operation under Article VII of that agreement. However, it also includes records of his discussions with American economists on the finance of the American defence effort in 1941 and his growing concern with Britain's increasing problem of overseas indebtedness in the sterling area.

This volume brings together Keynes's attempts to influence the development of public opinion and public policy between September 1931 and the outbreak of World War II. It contains his journalism, his memoranda and letters to ministers and committees of the Economic Advisory Council and related correspondence. The issues covered include the management of sterling, Britain's recovery policies, the New Deal, the World Economic Conference of 1933, Britain's rearmament and preparations for war, and the recession of 1937-8 and policies to combat it. As such, it is a companion to the volumes dealing with the development of his more formal economic theories during these years, most notably in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.

Originally written as a Fellowship Dissertation for King's College, Cambridge, between 1906 and 1909, Keynes's Treatise represents his earliest large-scale writing. Rewritten for publication during 1909-12 and 1920-1, it was the first systematic work in English on the logical foundations of probability for 55 years. As it filled an obvious gap in the existing theory of knowledge, it received an enthusiastic reception from contemporaries on publication. Even today amongst philosophers, the essence of Keynes's approach to probability is established. This edition reprints, with Keynes's own corrections, the first edition of the Treatise. An introduction by Professor Richard Braithwaite, formerly Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy in Cambridge and a close friend of Keynes from the time he was finishing this book, sets Keynes's ideas in perspective.

This volume, a companion to Volume 17 and to many of the Essays in Persuasion (Volume 9), carries Keynes's involvement in the post-1919 reparations tangle down to the Lausanne Conference and Britain's subsequent effective default on her own war debts in June 1933 - almost fourteen years to the day after Keynes's own resignation from the Treasury over the original Peace Settlement effectively removed the issue from practical politics. The events it covers were dramatic - the German hyperinflation, the occupation of the Ruhr, the Dawes and Young Plans and the Hoover Moratorium. Throughout, Keynes attempted to shape opinion and the course of events through published articles, unsigned letters, contributions to The Nation and Athenaeum, speeches, letters, official committees and memoranda. These add an important dimension to our understanding of the history of the period.

Between the outbreak of war in 1939 and his death in April 1946, Keynes was closely involved in the management of Britain's war economy and the planning of the post-war world. This volume, the sixth dealing with this period, focuses on several aspects of post-war planning: the discussions surrounding relief and reconstruction, the attempts to produce a post-war scheme to stabilise the prices of primary products, and the discussions surrounding Britain's programme of reconstruction, most notably the Beveridge programme for social insurance and the policy of full employment. It contains Keynes's contributions to the discussion of these issues, most notably his primary product scheme and his longer papers on the tactics and problems of a full employment policy.

Most of the essays in this book were first collected and published in 1933, when Keynes had reached a turning point in a highly successful career as an academic economist, as an official economic advisor, opponent of the reparation imposed on Germany and critic of the orthodox economic policies of British governments. Before devoting himself fully to the final stages of his journey towards The General Theory, Keynes put together these examples of one of his favourite literary genres, the psychological portrait and biographical sketch. With the additions made in 1951 and 1972, the book contains almost all of Keynes's biographical writings: his savage portraits of the architects of the Treaty of Versailles and sketches of other politicians, including Asquith and Churchill; some classic accounts of the lives of economists; a pair of autobiographical memoirs; a short study of Newton; and many acute and affectionate character sketches of friends.

John Maynard Keynes' hovedverk Allmenn teori kom ut i 1936, i kjølvannet av den store depresjonen. I boken går han hardt ut mot rådende økonomisk teori, som hevdet at en uregulert markedsøkonomi vil sørge for full sysselsetting. Keynes mente økonomene ikke hadde forstått betydningen av det han kalte "den effektive etterspørselen" - manglende investering eller konsum vil føre til arbeidsledighet. I boken tegner Keynes et bilde av kapitalismen som et ustabilt system, hvor menneskene har høyst usikker kunnskap om fremtiden og baserer sine handlinger på konvensjoner og massepsykologi. Investeringene svinger i takt med stemningen på børsen, og slik blir statlig styring viktig for å få bukt med de økonomiske konjunkturene og ledigheten. Keynes' forsvar for en aktiv stat har vært helt avgjørende for hvordan økonomer og politikere tenker om økonomisk politikk helt frem til i dag.

2011 Reprint of 1930 Two Volume American Edition. Complete. Two volumes bound into one. Volume One: "The Pure Theory of Money." Volume Two: "The Applied Theory of Money." Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Volumes One and Two of Keynes' classic work published in a handy one volume format. Exact facsimile of the original Edition. Keynes had begun a theoretical work to examine the relationship between unemployment, money and prices back in the 1920s. The work was originally published in 1930 in two volumes. We reproduce this two volume edition in one volume. A central idea of the work was that if the amount of money being saved exceeds the amount being invested - which can happen if interest rates are too high - then unemployment will rise. This is in part a result of people not wanting to spend too high a proportion of what employers pay out, making it difficult, in aggregate, for employers to make a profit.

2011 Reprint of 1930 American Edition. Two volumes Complete in One. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Volumes One and Two of Keynes' classic work published in a handy one volume format. Exact facsimile of the original Edition. Keynes had begun a theoretical work to examine the relationship between unemployment, money and prices back in the 1920s. The work, Treatise on Money, was published in 1930 in two volumes. We reproduce this two volume edition in one volume. A central idea of the work was that if the amount of money being saved exceeds the amount being invested - which can happen if interest rates are too high - then unemployment will rise. This is in part a result of people not wanting to spend too high a proportion of what employers pay out, making it difficult, in aggregate, for employers to make a profit.