Sanjay Kumar

Climate change is an intensifying reality of the present, reshaping land systems, ecosystems, and human livelihoods across the globe. Its impacts are most clearly manifested through changes in land cover and land use, degradation of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and growing risks to food systems, water security, and rural and urban livelihoods. Changing Climate-Land-Life Interplay: Spatial Approaches for Biodiversity, Agriculture, and Land Resilience in Emerging Economies examines these interdependencies by placing human well-being and livelihood security at the core of climate-land-life interactions. Focusing on emerging economies such as India, Indonesia, Brazil, and Vietnam, the book addresses regions where climate vulnerability, rich biodiversity, and rapid economic transformation directly affect millions of people dependent on land and natural resources for their survival. Moving beyond siloed treatments of climate, land, or conservation, the volume adopts a systems perspective that links land-use change with ecosystem services, agrobiodiversity, and livelihood outcomes. A defining feature of the book is its use of spatial approaches - remote sensing, GIS, and landscape-scale analysis - to reveal how climate-driven land transformations shape livelihoods, equity, and resilience in the Global South. Key features include: Climate impacts on land, ecosystems, and livelihood systems Land use change and its implications for ecosystem services and human well-being Biodiversity and ecosystem functions supporting livelihoods Agrobiodiversity as a basis for resilient, nutrition-secure farming systems Regional case studies connecting land governance and livelihood outcomes Policy analysis integrating development, conservation, and adaptation Action pathways using geospatial tools and participatory governance This book is intended for researchers, policymakers, planners, conservation and development practitioners seeking integrated strategies to sustain land, life, and livelihoods under climate change.

Ayurvedic Lipid-Based Formulations: Tradition, Research, and Analytical Insights presents a comprehensive exploration of Sneha Kalpana, the classical Ayurvedic science of preparing lipid-based formulations such as medicated oils and ghees. The book bridges traditional wisdom with contemporary science, providing readers with an in-depth understanding of Ayurvedic concepts, classical preparation methods, and the therapeutic role of lipids in health and disease management. It further integrates modern research findings, including pharmacological studies, clinical evaluations, and advances in lipid-based drug delivery. Special emphasis is placed on analytical methods, from classical tests to modern spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, ensuring scientific validation and quality assurance of Ayurvedic lipid formulations. With a focus on both Ayurvedic theory and experimental science, the book serves as a valuable resource for Ayurveda scholars, pharmaceutical researchers, healthcare professionals, and industry stakeholders interested in herbal lipid technologies.

This is a comprehensive guide to Additive Manufacturing, organized in the alphabetic format of an encyclopedia. The presentation is concise, supported by ample references, including references from 2024 onwards. With entries for most aspects of additive manufacturing and 776 references, this book can serve as an invaluable entry to the field.

Realtime OpenBoard is a browser-based collaborative whiteboard application developed to enable real-time visual interaction among multiple users. Designed using modern web technologies, including HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Node.js, and Socket.io, the system enables users to draw, annotate, and share ideas synchronously on a shared digital canvas. It includes essential features such as freehand drawing with customizable tools, sticky notes, undo-redo functionality, and board download capability. Socket.io enables efficient real-time communication by transmitting drawing events instantly across connected clients, while the HTML5 Canvas API provides smooth and responsive rendering of user input. The application is lightweight, does not require installation or login, and is accessible from any modern browser, making it ideal for educational, professional, and remote collaboration contexts. The project emphasises usability, modular design, and performance, with future scalability in mind. Rigorous testing was conducted to validate real-time synchronisation, functionality accuracy, and cross-device compatibility.

1. Highest Plant Height, maximum Plant dry weight was recorded with treatment receiving 100 % (120 kg /ha) Nitrogen through urea with Boron@ 3kg/ha Treatment -2] .2. Maximum cob length, cob girth and more numbers of rows, grains per row, test weight and grain yield was recorded with treatment receiving 100% 120 kg /ha] Nitrogen through Urea with Boron @ 3 Kg/ha Treatment -2] .3. Maximum gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio was also recorded with treatment receiving 100 % 120 kg / ha] Nitrogen through Urea with Boron at 3 kg/ha Treatment -2].

Wireless communication is one of the fastest growing fields in the engineering world today. Rapid growth in the domain of wireless communication systems, services and application has drastically changed the way we live, work and communicate. Wireless communication offers a broad and dynamic technological field, which has stimulated incredible excitements and technological advancements over last few decades. The expectations from wireless communication technology are increasing every day. This is placing enormous challenges to wireless system designers. Moreover, this has created an ever increasing demand for conceptually strong and well versed communication engineers who understand the wireless technology and its future possibilities. In recent years, significant progress in wireless communication system design has taken place, which will continue in future. Especially for last two decades, the research contributions in wireless communication system design have resulted in several new concepts and inventions at remarkable speed. A text book is indeed required to offer familiarity with such developments and underlying concepts, to be taught in the classroom to future engineers. This is one of the motivations for writing this book. Practically no book can be up to date in this field, due to the fast ongoing research and developments. The new developments are announced almost every day. Teaching directly from the research papers in the classroom cannot build the necessary foundation. Therefore need for a textbook is unavoidable, which is integral to learning, and is an essential source to build the concept. The prime goal of this book is to cooperate in the learning process.