Sunil Kumar

Die vorliegende Studie wurde durchgef hrt, um zu untersuchen, inwieweit sich das Bewusstsein f r Internetkriminalit t und die Einstellung zu Computern bei angehenden Lehrern je nach Geschlecht, Ort und Fachrichtung unterscheidet. Die Stichprobe der Studie umfasste 400 B.Ed.-Studenten, die nach dem Zufallsprinzip aus den P dagogischen Hochschulen ausgew hlt wurden, die der Panjab University, Chandigarh, der Punjabi University, Patiala und der G.N.D.U., Amritsar, angeschlossen sind. F r die Datenerhebung wurden die Cyber Crime Awareness Scale (CCAS-RS) von Rajasekar (2013) und die Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) von Khatoon und Sharma (2012) verwendet. Mittelwert, Median und Standardabweichung wurden verwendet, um die Art der Verteilung der Daten zu berpr fen. Die 2X2X2-Varianzanalyse wurde verwendet, um die Signifikanz des Unterschieds zwischen dem Bewusstsein f r Internetkriminalit t in den verschiedenen Gruppen zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass: (a) Weibliche Lehramtsanw rter wissen mehr ber Internetkriminalit t als ihre m nnlichen Kollegen. (b) Angehende Lehrer in St dten wissen mehr ber Cyberkriminalit t als ihre Kollegen auf dem Land. (c) Angehende Lehrer der Naturwissenschaften wissen mehr ber Cyberkriminalit t als ihre Kollegen der Geisteswissenschaften.

Il presente studio stato intrapreso per indagare la significativit delle differenze nella consapevolezza dei crimini informatici e nell'attitudine al computer dei futuri insegnanti in base al sesso, al luogo e al corso di studi. Il campione dello studio comprendeva 400 studenti di B.Ed. selezionati in modo casuale dai college di educazione affiliati alla Panjab University, Chandigarh; Punjabi University, Patiala e G.N.D.U., Amritsar. Per la raccolta dei dati sono state utilizzate la Cyber Crime Awareness Scale (CCAS-RS) di Rajasekar (2013) e la Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) di Khatoon e Sharma (2012). Per verificare la natura della distribuzione dei dati sono state utilizzate media, mediana e deviazione standard. L'analisi della varianza 2X2X2 stata utilizzata per indagare la significativit della differenza tra la consapevolezza della criminalit informatica tra i diversi gruppi. I risultati dello studio hanno rivelato che: (a) Le aspiranti insegnanti di sesso femminile sono pi consapevoli della criminalit informatica rispetto alle loro controparti maschili. (b) I futuri insegnanti delle citt sono pi consapevoli della criminalit informatica rispetto alle loro controparti rurali. (c) I futuri insegnanti di materie scientifiche sono pi consapevoli della criminalit informatica rispetto ai colleghi di materie umanistiche.

La pr sente tude a t entreprise pour examiner l'importance des diff rences dans la sensibilisation la cybercriminalit et l'attitude informatique des futurs enseignants en fonction de leur sexe, de leur lieu de r sidence et de leur fili re. L' chantillon de l' tude comprenait 400 tudiants en B.Ed. s lectionn s au hasard dans les coll ges d' ducation affili s l'Universit de Panjab, Chandigarh, l'Universit de Punjabi, Patiala et G.N.D.U., Amritsar. L' chelle de sensibilisation la cybercriminalit (CCAS-RS) de Rajasekar (2013) et l' chelle d'attitude face l'informatique (CAS) de Khatoon et Sharma (2012) ont t utilis es pour la collecte des donn es. La moyenne, la m diane et l' cart-type ont t utilis s pour v rifier la nature de la distribution des donn es. L'analyse de variance 2X2X2 a t utilis e pour tudier l'importance de la diff rence entre la sensibilisation la cybercriminalit parmi les diff rents groupes. Les r sultats de l' tude ont r v l que: (a) Les futures enseignantes sont plus sensibilis es la cybercriminalit que leurs homologues masculins. (b) Les futurs enseignants urbains sont plus sensibilis s la cybercriminalit que leurs homologues ruraux. (c) Les futurs enseignants en sciences sont plus sensibilis s la cybercriminalit que leurs homologues en sciences humaines.

O presente estudo foi realizado para investigar a import ncia da diferen a na sensibiliza o para a cibercriminalidade e na atitude em rela o ao computador dos futuros professores, com base no g nero, na localidade e na rea. A amostra do estudo foi constitu da por 400 estudantes de educa o secund ria selecionados aleatoriamente nas faculdades de educa o filiadas na Universidade de Panjab, Chandigarh; na Universidade de Punjabi, Patiala e na G.N.D.U., Amritsar. Para a recolha de dados, foram utilizadas a Cyber Crime Awareness Scale (CCAS-RS) de Rajasekar (2013) e a Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) de Khatoon e Sharma (2012). A m dia, a mediana e o desvio-padr o foram utilizados para verificar a natureza da distribui o dos dados. Foi utilizada a an lise de vari ncia 2X2X2 para investigar a import ncia da diferen a entre a sensibiliza o para o cibercrime nos diferentes grupos. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que (a) Os futuros professores do sexo feminino est o mais sensibilizados para o cibercrime do que os seus hom logos do sexo masculino. (b) Os futuros professores urbanos est o mais sensibilizados para o cibercrime do que os seus hom logos rurais. (c) Os futuros professores de ci ncias est o mais sensibilizados para o cibercrime do que os seus colegas de humanidades.

This study investigated cybercrime awareness and computer attitudes among 400 B.Ed. students from Punjab universities, considering gender, location, and academic stream. Key findings revealed that female, urban, and science stream prospective teachers showed higher cybercrime awareness, while urban and science stream teachers had better computer attitudes. No significant gender differences were found in computer attitudes. The study found significant interactions between factors for both awareness and attitudes, and a positive correlation between cybercrime awareness and computer attitudes. Implications include educating future teachers on cybercrime risks and prevention, focusing on rural and humanities students to improve awareness, and emphasizing safe internet practices in teacher training. The research suggests policymakers should create conditions to raise cybercrime awareness, especially among social studies teacher trainees, to better prepare them for educating students on online safety.

Present study was undertaken to investigate the significance of difference in cyber crime awareness and computer attitude of prospective teachers on the basis of gender, locale and stream. The sample of the study comprised of 400 B.Ed. students selected randomly from the colleges of Education affiliated to Panjab University, Chandigarh; Punjabi University, Patiala and G.N.D.U., Amritsar. Cyber Crime Awareness Scale (CCAS-RS) by Rajasekar (2013) and Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) by Khatoon and Sharma (2012) were used for data collection. Mean, median, stand deviation, were employed to check the nature of distribution of data. 2X2X2 analysis of variance was used to investigate the significance of difference between cybercrime awareness among different groups. Result of the study revealed that: (a) Female prospective teachers are more aware about cybercrime as comparative to their male counterparts. (b) Urban prospective teachers are more aware about cybercrime as comparative to their rural counterparts. (c) Prospective science teachers are more aware about cybercrime as comparative to their humanities counterparts.

Au cours des derni res d cennies, le traitement endodontique a b n fici de l'introduction de nouvelles techniques et de nouveaux quipements, parmi lesquels l'utilisation de sources ultrasoniques a acquis une telle importance dans l' conomie du traitement endodontique que nous la consid rons comme l'une des innovations les plus int ressantes introduites dans l'endodontie moderne. Les ultrasons sont d finis comme des ondes avec des fr quences d'au moins 25 kHz, et sont l'une des technologies non invasives les plus utilis es dans la dentisterie moderne. Ces derni res ann es, ce type de technique est devenu populaire, non seulement en endodontie, mais aussi dans d'autres branches de la dentisterie. L'endodontie est la sp cialisation dans laquelle les ultrasons ont permis les progr s les plus visibles. Depuis son introduction, les ultrasons sont devenus de plus en plus utiles dans des applications telles que l'acc s aux ouvertures des canaux, le nettoyage et la mise en forme, l'obturation des canaux radiculaires, l' limination des mat riaux intracanalaires et des obstructions, ainsi que la chirurgie endodontique.

Durante as ltimas d cadas, o tratamento endod ntico tem sido auxiliado pela introdu o de novas t cnicas e equipamentos, entre os quais a utiliza o de fontes ultra-s nicas tem vindo a ganhar uma import ncia tal na economia do tratamento endod ntico que nos leva a consider -la como uma das mais interessantes inova es introduzidas na endodontia moderna. Os ultra-sons s o definidos como ondas com frequ ncias de pelo menos 25 kHz, e s o um dos meios tecnol gicos n o invasivos mais utilizados na medicina dent ria moderna. Nos ltimos anos, este tipo de t cnica tem-se tornado popular, n o s na endodontia, mas tamb m noutros ramos da medicina dent ria. A endodontia a especialidade em que os ultra-sons permitiram os avan os mais vis veis. Desde a sua introdu o, os ultra-sons tornaram-se cada vez mais teis em aplica es como a obten o de acesso s aberturas dos canais, limpeza e moldagem, obtura o dos canais radiculares, remo o de materiais e obstru es intracanais e cirurgia endod ntica.

In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurde die endodontische Behandlung durch die Einf hrung neuer Techniken und Ger te unterst tzt, von denen die Verwendung von Ultraschallquellen in der Wirtschaft der endodontischen Behandlung so wichtig geworden ist, dass wir sie als eine der interessantesten Innovationen in der modernen Endodontie betrachten. Unter Ultraschall versteht man Wellen mit einer Frequenz von mindestens 25 kHz, die in der modernen Zahnmedizin zu den am h ufigsten verwendeten nicht-invasiven Technologien geh ren. In den letzten Jahren hat sich diese Art von Technik nicht nur in der Endodontie, sondern auch in anderen Bereichen der Zahnmedizin durchgesetzt. Die Endodontie ist das Fachgebiet, in dem der Ultraschall die sichtbarsten Fortschritte erzielt hat. Seit seiner Einf hrung wurde der Ultraschall immer n tzlicher f r Anwendungen wie den Zugang zu Kanal ffnungen, die Reinigung und Formung, die Obturation von Wurzelkan len, die Entfernung von intrakanalen Materialien und Obstruktionen sowie die endodontische Chirurgie.

Negli ultimi decenni il trattamento endodontico ha beneficiato dell'introduzione di nuove tecniche e apparecchiature, tra le quali l'uso di sorgenti ultrasoniche ha ormai acquisito un'importanza tale nell'economia del trattamento endodontico da indurci a considerarlo come una delle innovazioni pi interessanti introdotte nell'endodonzia moderna. Gli ultrasuoni sono definiti come onde con frequenze di almeno 25 kHz e sono una delle tecnologie non invasive pi utilizzate nella moderna odontoiatria. Negli ultimi anni, questo tipo di tecnica si diffusa non solo in endodonzia, ma anche in altre branche dell'odontoiatria. L'endodonzia la specializzazione in cui gli ultrasuoni hanno consentito i progressi pi visibili. Dalla sua introduzione, gli ultrasuoni sono diventati sempre pi utili in applicazioni quali l'accesso alle aperture canalari, la detersione e la sagomatura, l'otturazione dei canali radicolari, la rimozione di materiali e ostruzioni intracanalari e la chirurgia endodontica.

During the past few decades endodontic treatment has aided from the introduction of new techniques and equipment, among which the use of ultrasonic sources has now gained such importance in the economy of endodontic treatment that leads us to consider it as one of most interesting innovations introduced into modern endodontics. Ultrasonics is defined as waves with frequencies of at least 25 kHz, and are one of the most used non-invasive technology facilities in modern dentistry. In recent years, this type of technique has been popular, not only in endodontics but also in other branches of dentistry. Endodontics is the specialization in which ultrasound has enabled the most visible advancement to be made. Since its introduction, ultrasonics has become increasingly more useful in applications such as gaining access to canal openings, cleaning and shaping, obturation of root canals, removal of intracanal materials and obstructions and endodontic surgery.

This book is a comprehensive guide to the application of Python in accounting, finance, and other business disciplines. This book is more than a Python tutorial; it is an integrative approach to using Python for practical research in these fields. The book begins with an introduction to Python and its key libraries. It then covers real-world applications of Python, covering data acquisition, cleaning, exploratory data analysis, visualization, and advanced topics like natural language processing, machine learning, predictive analytics, and deep learning. What sets this book apart is its unique blend of theoretical knowledge and real-world examples, supplemented with ready-to-use code. It doesn't stop at the syntax; it shows how to apply Python to tackle actual analytical problems. The book uses case studies to illustrate how Python can enhance traditional research methods in accounting and finance, not only allowing the reader to gain a firm understanding of Pythonprogramming but also equipping them with the skills to apply Python to accounting, finance, and broader business research. Whether you are a PhD student, a professor, an industry professional, or a financial researcher, this book provides the key to unlocking the full potential of Python in research.

Natural resources are vital for meeting the food, livelihood and environmental security. It is now widely accepted that future of food, livelihood and environmental security depends upon the attention paid to conservation, sustainable development and management of natural resources. Natural resource management ties in with applied concepts such asmaximum sustainable yield (MSY) and optimum utilization. Every natural resource has its optimum utilization, or acceptable levels of use, which are established scientifically and according to which management authorities regulate its exploitation. Degradation of natural resources has been caused by a variety of social, economic, institutional and technological factors. Rapidly growing population, urbanisation and industrial activities have all resulted in considerable deterioration in the quality and quantity of natural resources. This book discusses both the principles and applications of an integrated approach to natural resources management. This book is compilation of various topical issues on the prime concerns of natural resource conservation in arable and non-arable lands, suitable land utilization planning soil-water resource conservation, diversification of crops and farming systems to ensure sustainable management