Wei Wang

Augmentation of heat transfer is important in energy conservation and developing sustainable energy systems. This book provides the science necessary to understand the basics of heat transfer augmentation in single-phase engineering systems. It considers theory and practice including computational and experimental procedures, evaluation techniques for performance, and new trends. Several applications of augmentation methods like surface modification, introduction of vortex flow and impinging jets, opportunities of ultrasound and magnetic fields, pulsatile flows, heat exchangers, and nanofluids are provided. Details of basic phenomena and mechanisms are highlighted.Key features:Provides the fundamental science needed to understand and further develop heat transfer augmentation for future energy systemsGive examples of how ultrasound and magnetic fields, vortex flow, impinging jets, surface modification and nanofluids can augment heat transferConsiders basic issues of computational and experimental methods for analysis, design, and evaluation of efficient and sustainable heat transferIt is an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers working in the fields of mechanical, aerospace, industrial, manufacturing, and chemical engineering.

This book is a comprehensive collection of technologies and methods on intelligent information processing, which includes artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, and evolutionary computing. It also introduces the latest research directions and progress in intelligent information processing, such as transfer learning through convolutional neural network, time series prediction, clustering based on fuzzy neural network, test and evaluation of the traveling salesman problem, test and evaluation of continuous optimization problem, and more. This book promotes the development and application of intelligent information processing technology in the field of computational intelligence, effectively improving the intersection and integration of intelligent information processing methods. Researchers in computational intelligence and artificial intelligence technology, as well as teachers, students, and others interested in the subject, will benefit from this book.

Web 3.0 is the next generation of the Internet built on decentralized technologies such as blockchain and cryptography. It is designed to address issues encountered in the previous generation of the Internet such as imbalanced distribution of interests, monopoly of platform resources, and leakage of personal privacy. This book explores the challenges and solutions related to ensuring security and privacy in the context of the evolving Web 3.0 architecture. Web 3.0 represents the next generation of the web, characterized by decentralized networks, blockchain technology, and enhanced user control over data. As Web 3.0 evolves, the focus on addressing security and privacy concerns becomes increasingly crucial. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the security and privacy issues specific to Web 3.0 and offers practical defense frameworks and methods to mitigate these challenges. This book is dedicated to the specific aspects of security and privacy in Web 3.0, from introducing the architecture and addressing the inherent issues to presenting innovative methods for privacy-preserving computing, user behavior identification, and abnormal transaction detection. It is of particular interest to researchers in the field of Web 3.0, blockchain, and network security, as it summarizes the security and privacy concerns in Web 3.0 and brings a number of innovative technologies and practical solutions to protect sensitive data and maintain user privacy in Web 3.0 environments, equipping researchers with the knowledge necessary to design secure and privacy-aware applications and systems in Web 3.0.

This book highlights the application of active array antennas in high-resolution microwave imaging radar systems. It introduces the basic principles, analytical methods, and performance parameters of active array antennas to achieve low profile, high efficiency, and lightweight. The book systematically elaborates the architecture, analysis, and engineering practice to achieve wideband, multi-band, multi-polarization, and common aperture in active array antennas. It explores hotspot technologies of digital array antennas, microwave photonic array antennas, and active packaging antennas. By presenting over 300 illustrations and diagrams, including schematic diagrams, block diagrams, relation diagrams, and breakdown drawings, the book enables a thorough understanding of the antenna array microsystem as the advanced phase of active array antennas and the direction of future R&D. The book is a good reference source for researchers and engineers interested in the engineering and implementation of microwave imaging radar systems and antenna technology.

Augmentation of heat transfer is important in energy conservation and developing sustainable energy systems. This book provides the science necessary to understand the basics of heat transfer augmentation in single-phase engineering systems. It considers theory and practice including computational and experimental procedures, evaluation techniques for performance, and new trends. Several applications of augmentation methods like surface modification, introduction of vortex flow and impinging jets, opportunities of ultrasound and magnetic fields, pulsatile flows, heat exchangers, and nanofluids are provided. Details of basic phenomena and mechanisms are highlighted.Key features:Provides the fundamental science needed to understand and further develop heat transfer augmentation for future energy systemsGive examples of how ultrasound and magnetic fields, vortex flow, impinging jets, surface modification and nanofluids can augment heat transferConsiders basic issues of computational and experimental methods for analysis, design, and evaluation of efficient and sustainable heat transferIt is an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers working in the fields of mechanical, aerospace, industrial, manufacturing, and chemical engineering.

Le d veloppement des nanotechnologies et des technologies li es l' nergie au cours des trois derni res d cennies a suscit un int r t accru pour l'application des mat riaux base de fibres de carbone dans les dispositifs de stockage d' nergie lectrochimique, tels que les supercondensateurs et les batteries Li/Na-ion. Toutefois, les performances lectrochimiques des mat riaux base de fibres de carbone sont troitement li es leur structure et leurs m thodes de fabrication. Par cons quent, le contr le de la micro-nanostructure des mat riaux base de fibres de carbone et la compr hension approfondie de la relation entre leur performance lectrochimique, leur structure et leurs m thodes de fabrication sont des conditions essentielles pour tendre l'application de ces mat riaux dans les dispositifs de stockage d' nergie lectrochimique. Ce livre fournit un aper u complet de la pr paration des mat riaux base de fibres de carbone, du contr le structurel et de l'optimisation de leurs performances lectrochimiques lorsqu'ils sont utilis s comme lectrodes n gatives dans les batteries Li/Na-ion. Il est destin servir de guide pour les chercheurs et les praticiens dans ce domaine, offrant des preuves th oriques et exp rimentales pour les applications lectrochimiques des mat riaux base de fibres de carbone.

Lo sviluppo delle nanotecnologie e delle tecnologie legate all'energia negli ultimi tre decenni ha portato a un aumento dell'interesse per l'applicazione dei materiali a base di fibra di carbonio nei dispositivi elettrochimici di accumulo dell'energia, come i supercondensatori e le batterie agli ioni di litio/na. Tuttavia, le prestazioni elettrochimiche dei materiali a base di fibra di carbonio sono strettamente correlate alla loro struttura e ai metodi di fabbricazione. Pertanto, il controllo della micro-nanostruttura dei materiali a base di fibra di carbonio e la comprensione approfondita della relazione tra le loro prestazioni elettrochimiche, la struttura e i metodi di fabbricazione sono un requisito essenziale per espandere l'applicazione di questi materiali nei dispositivi di accumulo di energia elettrochimica. Questo libro fornisce una panoramica completa sulla preparazione dei materiali a base di fibra di carbonio, sul controllo strutturale e sull'ottimizzazione delle loro prestazioni elettrochimiche quando vengono utilizzati come elettrodi negativi nelle batterie agli ioni di Li/Na. destinato a servire da guida per i ricercatori e gli operatori del settore, offrendo prove teoriche e sperimentali per le applicazioni elettrochimiche dei materiali a base di fibra di carbonio.

This book highlights the application of active array antennas in high-resolution microwave imaging radar systems. It introduces the basic principles, analytical methods, and performance parameters of active array antennas to achieve low profile, high efficiency, and lightweight. The book systematically elaborates the architecture, analysis, and engineering practice to achieve wideband, multi-band, multi-polarization, and common aperture in active array antennas. It explores hotspot technologies of digital array antennas, microwave photonic array antennas, and active packaging antennas. By presenting over 300 illustrations and diagrams, including schematic diagrams, block diagrams, relation diagrams, and breakdown drawings, the book enables a thorough understanding of the antenna array microsystem as the advanced phase of active array antennas and the direction of future R&D. The book is a good reference source for researchers and engineers interested in the engineering and implementation of microwave imaging radar systems and antenna technology.

This book puts forward the concept of the Diameter-Transformed Fluidized Bed (DTFB): a fluidized bed characterized by the coexistence of multiple flow regimes and reaction zones, achieved by transforming the bed into several sections of different diameters. It reviews fundamental aspects, including computational fluid dynamics simulations and industrial practices in connection with DTFB. In particular, it highlights an example concerning the development of maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) reactors for regulating complex, fluid catalytic cracking reactions in petroleum refineries. The book is a must-have for understanding how academic and industrial researchers are now collaborating in order to develop novel catalytic processes.

This book introduces readers to the fundamental properties and practical applications of shape memory alloys (SMAs) from the perspective of seismic engineering. It objectively discusses the superiority of this novel class of materials, which could potentially overcome the limitations of conventional seismic control technologies. The results, vividly presented in the form of tables and figures, are demonstrated with rigorous experimental verifications, supplemented by comprehensive numerical and analytical investigations. The book allows readers to gain an in-depth understanding of the working mechanisms of various SMA-based structural devices and members, including beam-to-column connections, dampers, and braces, while also providing them with a broader vision of next-generation, performance-based seismic design for novel adaptive structural systems. Helping to bridge the gap between material science and structural engineering, it also sheds light on the potential of commercializing SMA products in the construction industry. The cutting-edge research highlighted here provides technical incentives for design professionals, contractors, and building officials to use high-performance and smart materials in structural design, helping them stay at the forefront of construction technology.

In practice, actuators often undergo failures and various factors influence its effectiveness. Also due to the increasing complexity of large-scale systems, subsystems are often interconnected, whereas the interactions between any two subsystems are difficult to deal with. This book details a series of new methodologies of designing and analyzing adaptive backstepping control systems involving treatment on actuator failures, subsystem interactions and nonsmooth nonlinearities. Moreover, it discusses some interesting open issues in adaptive failure accommodation, decentralized adaptive control and distributed adaptive coordinated control.

This book puts forward the concept of the Diameter-Transformed Fluidized Bed (DTFB): a fluidized bed characterized by the coexistence of multiple flow regimes and reaction zones, achieved by transforming the bed into several sections of different diameters. It reviews fundamental aspects, including computational fluid dynamics simulations and industrial practices in connection with DTFB. In particular, it highlights an example concerning the development of maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) reactors for regulating complex, fluid catalytic cracking reactions in petroleum refineries. The book is a must-have for understanding how academic and industrial researchers are now collaborating in order to develop novel catalytic processes.

This book introduces readers to the fundamental properties and practical applications of shape memory alloys (SMAs) from the perspective of seismic engineering. It objectively discusses the superiority of this novel class of materials, which could potentially overcome the limitations of conventional seismic control technologies. The results, vividly presented in the form of tables and figures, are demonstrated with rigorous experimental verifications, supplemented by comprehensive numerical and analytical investigations. The book allows readers to gain an in-depth understanding of the working mechanisms of various SMA-based structural devices and members, including beam-to-column connections, dampers, and braces, while also providing them with a broader vision of next-generation, performance-based seismic design for novel adaptive structural systems. Helping to bridge the gap between material science and structural engineering, it also sheds light on the potential of commercializing SMA products in the construction industry. The cutting-edge research highlighted here provides technical incentives for design professionals, contractors, and building officials to use high-performance and smart materials in structural design, helping them stay at the forefront of construction technology.

A comprehensive look at the enormous growth and evolution of distressed debt markets, corporate bankruptcy, and credit risk models This Fourth Edition of the most authoritative finance book on the topic updates and expands its discussion of financial distress and bankruptcy, as well as the related topics dealing with leveraged finance, high-yield, and distressed debt markets. It offers state-of-the-art analysis and research on U.S. and international restructurings, applications of distress prediction models in financial and managerial markets, bankruptcy costs, restructuring outcomes, and more.

This thesis presents geological, petrological, geochemical, and zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotopic field data for representative Precambrian lithologies in the Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei Provinces along the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). It describes late Neoarchean (2.64–2.48 Ga) supracrustal metavolcanic rocks and granitoid gneisses; late Paleoproterozoic (1.72–1.68 Ga) Jianping alkaline plutons and Pinggu alkaline volcanic rocks; and newly discovered ~1.23 Ga mafic dykes. The nature of magma sources and genesis of each magmatic episode are investigated, and the Precambrian (~2.6–1.2 Ga) lithospheric mantle evolution and crust-mantle interaction processes are established for the first time –aspects that provide important constraints in our understanding of the Precambrian crustal evolution and geodynamic processes in the region studied.

In practice, actuators often undergo failures and various factors influence its effectiveness. Also due to the increasing complexity of large-scale systems, subsystems are often interconnected, whereas the interactions between any two subsystems are difficult to deal with. This book details a series of new methodologies of designing and analyzing adaptive backstepping control systems involving treatment on actuator failures, subsystem interactions and nonsmooth nonlinearities. Moreover, it discusses some interesting open issues in adaptive failure accommodation, decentralized adaptive control and distributed adaptive coordinated control.

Smart Hydrogel Functional Materials comprehensively and systematically describes our current understanding of smart or intelligent hydrogel functional materials with environmental stimuli-responsive functions. The contents range from hydrogels (including hydrogel-functionalized membranes) to microgels (including hydrogel-functionalized microcapsules) with various response properties, such as thermo-response, pH-response, pH-/thermo-dual-response, glucose-response, ethanol-response, ion-recognition, molecular-recognition, and so on. Most of the contents in this book represent the fresh achievements of the authors’ group on smart hydrogel functional materials. While all chapters can be read as stand-alone papers, together they clearly describe the design concepts, fabrication strategies and methods, microstructures and performances of smart hydrogel functional materials. Vivid schematics and illustrations throughout the book enhance the accessibility of the theory and technologies involved. This is an ideal reference book for a broad general readership including chemists, materials researchers, chemical engineers, pharmaceutical scientists and biomedical researchers, who are interested in designing and fabricating smart hydrogel functional materials for various application purposes.Dr. Liang-Yin Chu is a professor at the School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, China. He is a Distinguished Young Scholar of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and a Distinguished Professor of the “Chang Jiang Scholars Program” of the Ministry of Education of China.

With a pioneering methodology, the book covers the fundamental aspects of kinematic analysis and synthesis of linkage, and provides a theoretical foundation for engineers and researchers in mechanisms design. • The first book to propose a complete curvature theory for planar, spherical and spatial motion• Treatment of the synthesis of linkages with a novel approach• Well-structured format with chapters introducing clearly distinguishable concepts following in a logical sequence dealing with planar, spherical and spatial motion • Presents a pioneering methodology by a recognized expert in the field and brought up to date with the latest research and findings• Fundamental theory and application examples are supplied fully illustrated throughout

The advance in robotics has boosted the application of autonomous vehicles to perform tedious and risky tasks or to be cost-effective substitutes for their - man counterparts. Based on their working environment, a rough classi cation of the autonomous vehicles would include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), - manned ground vehicles (UGVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs). UAVs, UGVs, AUVs, and ASVs are called UVs (unmanned vehicles) nowadays. In recent decades, the development of - manned autonomous vehicles have been of great interest, and different kinds of autonomous vehicles have been studied and developed all over the world. In part- ular, UAVs have many applications in emergency situations; humans often cannot come close to a dangerous natural disaster such as an earthquake, a ood, an active volcano, or a nuclear disaster. Since the development of the rst UAVs, research efforts have been focused on military applications. Recently, however, demand has arisen for UAVs such as aero-robotsand ying robotsthat can be used in emergency situations and in industrial applications. Among the wide variety of UAVs that have been developed, small-scale HUAVs (helicopter-based UAVs) have the ability to take off and land vertically as well as the ability to cruise in ight, but their most importantcapability is hovering. Hoveringat a point enables us to make more eff- tive observations of a target. Furthermore, small-scale HUAVs offer the advantages of low cost and easy operation.