Ajay Kumar

Synthetic biology integrates biology and chemistry to design and construct new biological systems and pathways that perform desired functions. It redefines the boundaries of life sciences by enabling the synthesis of novel biomolecules and artificial organisms. Synthetic Biology and Chemistry introduces the fundamental concepts, techniques, and applications of this interdisciplinary field. The book highlights DNA assembly methods, metabolic engineering, and biotechnological innovations. It also explores ethical and safety concerns surrounding synthetic systems. Through real-world examples and detailed illustrations, readers gain a deep understanding of how synthetic biology shapes biotechnology, healthcare, and material science.

The field of photocatalysis merges light-driven chemical reactions with green chemistry to produce sustainable and efficient transformations in organic synthesis. It enables reactions that minimize waste and energy consumption while enhancing product selectivity. Photocatalysis for Organic Synthesis: Principles and Applications discusses the mechanisms, catalysts, and technological advances in photocatalytic organic transformations. It explains how visible-light catalysts function and explores real-world industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The book provides practical examples of photoredox reactions and scaling techniques. Each chapter integrates theoretical aspects with experimental methodologies, making it ideal for students and researchers in chemical sciences.

This book is a compelling and comprehensive guide to the dynamic world of antennas tailored for healthcare. With its practical case studies, forward-looking perspectives, and a keen focus on the potential of 6G wireless communications, this book serves as an indispensable resource, driving the advancement of wireless technologies in the realm of biomedical applications, ultimately transforming the future of healthcare. The authors bridge the gap between complex scientific concepts and practical applications, making this book accessible to healthcare professionals, researchers, students, and anyone interested in understanding how antennas play a pivotal role in transforming the landscape of healthcare technologies. The book delves into the principles of different types of antennas, such as microstrip patch antennas, dipole antennas, helical antennas, and planar inverted-F antennas, explaining how each one serves a specific purpose in healthcare. Offers a comprehensive exploration of antennas designed explicitly for healthcare applicationsCovers various types of antennas, including principles, design, optimization, and practical case studiesWritten in non-specialists' terms, making content easily accessible to a broad audience

Rapid economic growth and industrialization have significantly impacted the environment, especially in resource-extractive regions like the Jharia Coalfield in Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. This study uses an integrated approach combining remote sensing, GIS, and geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) to analyze Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes from 1992 to 2014. Supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm was applied to enhance spatial accuracy. The results reveal substantial spatiotemporal shifts: coal locations, dense forests, water bodies, and barren lands declined, while vegetation regrowth and residential areas increased. This change analysis identifies high-risk zones and degraded landscapes resulting from unregulated mining. A net loss of over 38% in forest and water areas was recorded, with significant expansion in coal zones and settlements. Remote sensing and GIS proved effective in mapping land degradation. The findings highlight the urgent need for sustainable land use policies and support the development of a long-term environmental management plan for the Jharia Coalfield.

In questo studio stato misurato l'effetto della saldatura per attrito sulla microstruttura, la durezza e il tasso di usura della lega Al-Cu. Sono state condotte prove di usura su giunti in lega di alluminio fuso su una macchina a disco e perno con carichi diversi compresi tra 2 e 4 kg a velocit di scorrimento costante. I perni sono stati preparati da billette di alluminio fuso usurate su acciaio En31 come controcorpo. Sono stati determinati il comportamento all'usura e la durezza delle parti saldate e non saldate del giunto. Il valore di durezza pi elevato si riscontra al centro della zona saldata, seguito da una graduale diminuzione attraverso la TMAZ e la HAZ fino a raggiungere il valore di durezza del materiale di base. La durezza di ciascun campione stata correlata al comportamento di attrito e usura della lega di alluminio fuso di FSW. stata inoltre ottenuta la microstruttura di FSW per il confine della zona di saldatura (zona di fusione) (tra la zona di saldatura e la HAZ), la zona termicamente alterata e la regione del metallo di base.

W niniejszym badaniu zmierzono wplyw zgrzewania tarciowego z mieszaniem na mikrostrukturę, twardośc i szybkośc zużycia stopu Al-Cu. Badania zużycia polączeń odlew w stopu aluminium przeprowadzono na maszynie z dyskiem i sworzniem przy r żnych obciążeniach od 2 do 4 kg i stalej prędkości poślizgu. Sworznie przygotowano z odlewanych kęs w aluminium zużytych na stali En31 jako przeciwcialo. Określono zachowanie podczas zużycia i twardośc spawanej i nespawanej części polączenia. Najwyższa wartośc twardości występuje w środku strefy spawanej, a następnie stopniowo maleje w strefie TMAZ i HAZ, aż do osiągnięcia wartości twardości materialu podstawowego. Twardośc każdej pr bki byla skorelowana z zachowaniem podczas tarcia i zużyciem stopu aluminium odlewanego metodą FSW. Uzyskano r wnież mikrostrukturę FSW dla strefy spawania (strefa stopienia), granicy (między strefą spawania a HAZ), strefy wplywu ciepla i obszaru metalu podstawowego.

Cette tude a mesur l'effet du soudage par friction-malaxage sur la microstructure, la duret et le taux d'usure d'un alliage Al-Cu. Des essais d'usure sur des joints en alliage d'aluminium moul ont t r alis s sur une machine disque et broche avec diff rentes charges de 2 4 kg vitesse de glissement constante. Les broches ont t pr par es partir de billettes d'aluminium moul us es sur de l'acier En31 servant de contre-corps. Le comportement l'usure et la duret des parties soud es et non soud es ont t d termin s pour le joint. La valeur de duret la plus lev e se trouve au centre de la zone soud e, suivie d'une diminution progressive travers la TMAZ et la HAZ jusqu' atteindre la valeur de duret du mat riau de base. La duret de chaque chantillon a t corr l e avec le comportement au frottement et l'usure de l'alliage d'aluminium coul par FSW. La microstructure du FSW a galement t obtenue pour la zone de soudure (zone de fusion), la limite (entre la zone de soudure et la HAZ), la zone affect e par la chaleur et la r gion du m tal de base.

In dieser Studie wurde der Einfluss des Reibr hrschwei ens auf die Mikrostruktur, H rte und Verschlei rate einer Al-Cu-Legierung untersucht. Verschlei tests f r Verbindungen aus Aluminiumgusslegierungen wurden auf einer Stift-Scheiben-Maschine bei verschiedenen Belastungen von 2-4 kg und konstanter Gleitgeschwindigkeit durchgef hrt. Die Stifte wurden aus Aluminiumgussbl cken hergestellt, die auf En31-Stahl als Gegenk rper verschlissen waren. Das Verschlei verhalten und die H rte der geschwei ten und ungeschwei ten Bereiche der Verbindung wurden bestimmt. Der h chste H rtewert tritt in der Mitte der Schwei zone auf, gefolgt von einem allm hlichen Abfall ber die TMAZ und HAZ bis zum Erreichen des H rtewerts des Grundmaterials. Die H rte jeder Probe wurde mit dem Reibungs- und Verschlei verhalten der FSW-Aluminiumgusslegierung in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Mikrostruktur der FSW wurde auch f r die Schwei zone (Schmelzzone), die Grenze zwischen Schwei zone und HAZ, die W rmeeinflusszone und den Grundmetallbereich ermittelt.